Category Archives: Projects

A hero’s quest

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For much of February, I have been working on a new edition of another text that John Dyneley Prince published, this one a story told in the teens of the twentieth century by Bennett N. Francis of Pleasant Point, pictured here in 1906. (The image is from the Maine Historical Society via Pinterest.) Prince worked with Francis at the Alqonquin Hotel in St. Andrews, NB, where Francis had probably gone to sell some of the baskets that he had made. (He listed his occupation as “basket maker” on the census in 1900, when he was living in Bar Harbor, another popular tourist destination where basket makers plied their trade.) Bennett’s story tells the adventures of a man with special powers—a motewolòn—who must defeat another such powerful personage to secure tobacco from an island. The hero goes on to overcome other adversaries, including a terrible storm, which he persuades to return to the north country from which it had come. Pukcinsqehs the Jug Woman, an evil character in many tales, makes a cameo appearance. The language of the tale is complex and difficult at points. Prince clearly found it challenging. But his transcriptions, though often inaccurate, are clear enough to make the text recoverable. I worked through much of it many years ago with the late David A. Francis (no relation) at Pleasant Point, who told me that he had known Bennett Francis in his youth. Prince’s version of the story was published in 1917 as “A Passamaquoddy Tobacco Famine,” in the first issue of a new journal: The International Journal of American Linguistics.

Looking Back on 2018

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Victor Atwin

Looking back on 2018, I see my most interesting time as the two weeks in July that I spent working in New Brunswick, Canada, with Victor Atwin, pictured here. He is a Maliseet elder from the Kingsclear First Nation—an expert speaker of the Maliseet language and a teacher in the language revival program at St. Mary’s First Nation in Fredericton. We transcribed and translated a substantial body of material in Maliseet that was tape-recorded in the 1970s by the anthropologist László Szabó of the University of New Brunswick. Victor is an accomplished story-teller himself, and as a young man he knew many of the speakers whom Szabó recorded—and heard many of their tales. The texts that we worked on this past summer include not only a variety of family stories, but also accounts of historical events that had been transmitted orally over many years. One particularly moving narrative tells the story of an attack on the village at Kingsclear by a group of white men who were working as log drivers on the Saint John River in the mid-nineteenth century. The drivers, numbering nearly 100, set upon the Native village, breaking down the doors of people’s homes with the intent of killing the men and raping the women. A Native counterattack, led by an older Maliseet woman, killed many of the loggers and drove the others away. A contemporaneous account of these events appeared in a local newspaper. The date was 1866.

A Recent Project

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I have been working for the last several weeks (during December, 2018) on an article that presents new editions of four poems in Passamaquoddy, an Eastern Algonquian language of Maine, that were published in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by Charles Godfrey Leland (1824–1903) and John Dyneley Prince (1868–1945), two of the leading figures in their era involved in documenting the traditions of the Native peoples of New England and Maritime Canada. The original texts appeared in Leland’s Algonquin Legends of New England (1884) and Prince’s Passamaquoddy Texts (1921) and several of the latter scholar’s articles. The transcriptions these early linguists employed were quite inaccurate, making it challenging to work out the Passamaquoddy lines of the poems that they had heard. Nonetheless, it appears to be possible to pin down the texts in their entirety. I will be submitting my article that explains the process I have used in recovering them to the journal Anthropological Linguistics in January. A link to this piece will be appearing soon in the Publications section of this page.